![]() The inhibition of SA biosynthesis by ethylene, while mainly through ISOCHORISMATE SYNTHASE1/SALICYLIC ACID-INDUCTION DEFICIENT2 ( ICS1/ SID2) at normal temperature, is through ENHANCED DISEASE SUSCEPTIBILITY5 ( EDS5)/ SID1, ICS2, and ICS1/SID2 at lower temperature. ![]() SA signaling is repressed by jasmonic acid and ethylene at both normal and low temperatures. This enhancement is dependent on SA signaling and is accompanied by up-regulation of multiple SA biosynthesis and signaling genes at lower temperature. ![]() Here, we report that moderately low temperature enhances immunity to the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae in Arabidopsis ( Arabidopsis thaliana). Earlier studies identified intracellular immune receptor nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NLR) genes and salicylic acid (SA) as targets of high-temperature inhibition of plant immunity. Temperature has a large impact on plant immune responses.
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